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Rocco Law

Last updated on April 10, 2025

# What Happens If You Get Caught With a Ghost Gun?

Possessing a ghost gun in New Jersey can lead to serious legal consequences. Unlike traditional firearms, ghost guns are privately assembled, lack serial numbers, and are often obtained without background checks. State laws prohibit their possession, manufacturing, and distribution, making ghost gun-related charges a serious criminal offense. Law enforcement agencies have increased efforts to track and prosecute individuals found with these untraceable firearms.

New Jersey has some of the strictest firearm regulations in the country, and being caught with a ghost gun can result in felony charges, significant fines, and potential prison time. Prosecutors aggressively pursue these cases, and without a strong legal defense, the penalties can be severe.

If you are facing charges related to ghost gun possession, speaking with an experienced New Jersey gun crime lawyer is essential. At Rocco Law Offices, LLC, our legal team is prepared to analyze your case, challenge the evidence, and explore potential defense strategies. The right legal representation can make a critical difference in protecting your rights and minimizing the consequences of a conviction. Contact Rocco Law Offices, LLC today for a consultation to discuss your options.

## What Constitutes a Ghost Gun Under New Jersey Law?

In New Jersey, a “ghost gun” refers to a firearm that lacks a serial number, rendering it untraceable by law enforcement. These firearms are often assembled from kits or produced using 3D-printing technology, allowing individuals to create functional weapons without the oversight typically associated with traditional firearm manufacturing and sales. ​

### Legal Distinctions Between Traditional Firearms and Ghost Guns

Traditional firearms are manufactured by licensed companies and are imprinted with unique serial numbers. These identifiers facilitate tracking by law enforcement agencies and ensure compliance with federal and state regulations. Purchasing such firearms in New Jersey requires background checks, permits, and adherence to strict transfer protocols.​

In contrast, ghost guns circumvent these regulatory measures. By acquiring firearm components separately or utilizing 3D-printing methods, individuals can assemble firearms without serial numbers. This lack of identification makes it challenging for authorities to trace the origin or ownership of these weapons, posing significant public safety concerns. ​

## Legal Measures to Regulate Untraceable Firearms

The prevalence of ghost guns in New Jersey has increased markedly in recent years. In 2019, law enforcement agencies recovered 55 ghost guns statewide. By 2023, this number had risen to approximately one recovery per day, indicating a significant surge in the presence of these untraceable firearms. Notably, over 80% of the ghost guns recovered in 2023 were Polymer80 models, which are built from kits that include the necessary components to create operational firearms. ​

The rise of ghost guns and 3D-printed firearms has prompted both federal and state governments to enact stricter regulations to address public safety concerns.

At the federal level, President Biden’s administration introduced measures in April 2022 to regulate ghost guns more effectively. These rules, formalized by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), include several key provisions. Only licensed manufacturers can produce gun kits, ensuring that these products are subject to federal oversight. Buyers of these kits must pass a background check, aligning them with traditional firearm purchase regulations. Additionally, all gun kits must contain serial numbers on their frames to facilitate tracking.

Although these federal regulations initially faced opposition from gun rights advocates, the Supreme Court upheld them in August 2023, allowing the Biden administration’s rules on ghost guns to take effect. This decision reinforced efforts to bring untraceable firearms under legal oversight and improve firearm traceability nationwide.

New Jersey has also taken steps to address ghost guns and 3D-printed firearms within the state. The law prohibits the use of 3D printers to manufacture firearms or firearm components, such as receivers or magazines, unless the individual holds a valid state license as a firearm manufacturer or dealer. Additionally, distributing digital files that allow unlicensed individuals to create firearms or components using a 3D printer is illegal. Violations of these laws can lead to significant legal penalties, including fines and imprisonment.

## New Jersey’s Stance on Ghost Guns

New Jersey maintains stringent firearm regulations, reflecting the state’s commitment to public safety and responsible gun ownership. These laws encompass various aspects of firearm possession, use, and manufacturing, including specific provisions addressing the emergence of ghost guns.​

### New Jersey’s Firearm Regulations

In New Jersey, individuals seeking to purchase rifles or shotguns must obtain a Firearms Purchaser Identification Card (FID), while acquiring handguns necessitates a separate permit. These permits are issued following comprehensive background checks to prevent firearm access by individuals deemed a threat to public safety. Additionally, the state enforces restrictions on magazine capacities and prohibits certain assault weapons to mitigate potential risks associated with high-capacity firearms. ​

## New Jersey Senate Bill No. 2846

New Jersey Senate Bill No. 2846, passed by the NJ Senate on June 29, 2022, and signed into law on July 5, 2022, aims to strengthen the state’s firearm regulations by upgrading certain offenses related to the manufacturing of firearms. Specifically, the bill sought to reclassify and reinforce the following activities and increase their penalties:

- Second-Degree Crimes: Punishable by five to ten years imprisonment and fines up to $150,000
  - Purchasing firearm parts to manufacture a firearm without a serial number.
  - Manufacturing a firearm using a three-dimensional printer.
- Third-Degree Crimes: Punishable by three to five years imprisonment and fines up to $15,000
  - Manufacturing a covert or undetectable firearm.​
  - Possessing a firearm without a serial number.​
  - Purchasing or transporting a firearm without a serial number.

Senate Bill No. 2846 reinforced the state’s commitment to stringent firearm regulations, particularly concerning untraceable and undetectable firearms. The law serves as a deterrent against the illegal manufacturing of firearms and aligns with broader efforts to enhance public safety within the state.

### Impact of Prior Criminal Records on Sentencing

​In New Jersey, a defendant’s prior criminal record significantly influences sentencing outcomes. The state’s legal framework mandates that judges consider both aggravating and mitigating factors to determine appropriate sentences. A history of prior convictions is a prominent aggravating factor, potentially leading to harsher penalties.

Specifically, New Jersey law requires courts to evaluate the extent and seriousness of a defendant’s prior criminal record when deciding sentences. A substantial or violent criminal history may result in longer imprisonment terms or elevated fines. Conversely, the absence of a prior record is viewed as a mitigating factor, which can lead to more lenient sentencing. ​

Additionally, the risk of recidivism is a crucial consideration. Defendants with extensive criminal backgrounds are often perceived as more likely to re-offend, prompting courts to impose stricter sentences to protect public safety. This assessment aligns with the state’s objective of deterring future criminal conduct. ​

### Legal Advocacy for Those Facing Potentially Enhanced Sentencing

A prior criminal record can significantly impact sentencing in a ghost gun case, making it even more important to present a strong legal defense. Courts weigh a defendant’s history carefully, and without a well-prepared argument, a prior conviction could lead to extended prison time and higher fines. There may be opportunities to challenge the classification of prior offenses, argue mitigating factors, or negotiate for a reduced sentence.

An experienced New Jersey gun possession lawyer can assess the details of your case, advocate for fair sentencing, and work to prevent an excessive penalty. Rocco Law Offices, LLC is committed to defending individuals facing firearm-related charges, including those with prior convictions. If you or a loved one is at risk of severe sentencing due to a past record, contact Rocco Law Offices, LLC today to discuss your legal options and develop a strong defense strategy.

## Legal Defenses Against Ghost Gun Charges

Facing charges related to ghost guns in New Jersey is a serious matter, given the state’s stringent firearm laws. However, several legal defenses may be applicable, depending on the specifics of the case:​

### Challenging the Legality of the Search and Seizure

If law enforcement conducted a search or seizure without proper warrants or probable cause, any evidence obtained, including the ghost gun, may be deemed inadmissible in court. Demonstrating that constitutional rights were violated during the investigation can lead to the dismissal of charges.​

### Questioning the Definition and Classification of the Firearm

New Jersey law defines ghost guns as firearms without serial numbers, often assembled from kits or produced using 3D-printing technology. If the item in question does not meet the legal definition of a firearm or ghost gun, this defense can be utilized. For example, the New Jersey Attorney General issued guidelines clarifying that certain items, such as BB guns, air guns, antique firearms, pre-1968 firearms, and specific imported firearms, are not considered ghost guns under state law.

### Potential for Plea Bargains or Reduced Sentences

In some cases, negotiating a plea bargain with the prosecution may result in reduced charges or lighter sentencing. Factors such as a clean prior criminal record, cooperation with authorities, or mitigating circumstances can influence the outcome of such negotiations.

Developing an effective defense against ghost gun charges in New Jersey requires a comprehensive understanding of both state and federal firearm laws, as well as meticulous attention to procedural details.​

Defense Strategy | Details | Potential Outcome
--- | --- | ---
Challenging Search and Seizure | Argue that law enforcement violated the Fourth Amendment rights during the investigation. | Evidence may be suppressed; charges could be dismissed.
Questioning Firearm Classification | Dispute whether the item qualifies as a “ghost gun” under NJ law (e.g., antique or BB guns). | Charges may be dropped if the item doesn’t meet legal definitions.
Pursuing Plea Bargains or Sentence Reductions | Negotiate with prosecution based on cooperation or lack of prior criminal record. | Lesser charges or reduced sentencing.

## Consequences Beyond Legal Penalties

Beyond the immediate legal penalties, a conviction for possessing a ghost gun in New Jersey can lead to several additional consequences that may significantly affect various aspects of an individual’s life.​

### Effects on Employment Opportunities

A criminal record can hinder one’s ability to secure employment. Many employers conduct background checks and may be reluctant to hire individuals with firearm-related convictions, viewing them as a liability or a potential risk to workplace safety. This barrier can limit job prospects and career advancement.​

### Implications for Professional Licenses and Certifications

Certain professions require licenses or certifications, such as those in healthcare, law, or finance. A conviction may lead to the suspension or revocation of these credentials, effectively barring individuals from practicing in their chosen fields. Additionally, obtaining new licenses can become challenging, as licensing boards often assess moral character and legal history.

### Social and Personal Repercussions

Beyond professional setbacks, individuals may face social stigma within their communities, affecting personal relationships and standing. The stress associated with a conviction can strain family dynamics and lead to isolation. Moreover, certain civil rights, such as the right to vote or serve on a jury, may be restricted, depending on the nature of the offense.​

Given these far-reaching consequences, it is crucial to seek competent legal representation when facing ghost gun charges. A knowledgeable attorney can provide guidance on mitigating both legal and collateral impacts, working towards the best possible outcome.

## Working with an Experienced New Jersey Gun Possession Attorney

Facing charges related to ghost guns in New Jersey is a serious matter that requires prompt and informed action. The state’s stringent laws against untraceable firearms mean that individuals found in possession of ghost guns can face severe penalties, including imprisonment and substantial fines. Beyond legal consequences, such charges can adversely affect employment opportunities, professional licenses, and personal relationships, making securing competent legal representation crucial.​

If you are confronting ghost gun charges or any firearm-related offenses in New Jersey, it is imperative to consult with a knowledgeable attorney. Rocco Law Offices, LLC, led by experienced New Jersey gun crime lawyer Rocco M. Lustberg, offers dedicated legal defense tailored to your unique situation. Our firm is committed to protecting your rights and pursuing the most favorable outcome possible. Contact Rocco Law Offices, LLC, at or visit our website to schedule a consultation and discuss your legal options.

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